Railway switch controlling apparatus



Jully 9, 1935. M. A. PENROD RAILWAY SWITCH CONTROLLING APPARATUS Filed-July 19, 1934 W 0 n m P 0 b a 1 W4 a I a 4 5 %5 w mi- Am m a i xi g Lgw% 3 7 m2 5 x t 9 5 Lm 1 C 0 L3 1 2 T w Patented July 9, 1935 RAILWAYSWITCH CONTROLLING APPARATUS Melvin A. Penrod, Murrysville, Pa, assignorto The Union Switch & Signal Company, Swissvale, Pin, a corporation ofPennsylvania Application July 19, 1934, Serial No. 736,032

. 16 Claims. (01. 246141) My invention relates to railway switchcontrolling apparatus of the type wherein a railway switch is controlledby a manually operable lever and'by a traffic controlled contact andwherein release means is provided for controlling the switch when thetraffic controlled contact is open. One feature of my invention is theprovision of release means for controlling each succeeding operation ofa switch while the traffic contact is'open, only if the switch hascompleted an operation in response to the last previously attemptedcontrol by the release means.

I will describe two forms of apparatus embody" novel features thereof inclaims.

In the accompanying drawing, Fig, l is a, diagrammatic view showing oneform of apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatlc viewshowing a modification of a portion of the apparatus illustrated in Fig.1.

Similar reference characters refer to simila parts in each of the views.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the reference characters I and l designatethe track rails of a stretch of main track Y which is divided byinsulated joints 2 to form a track section a--d. The track section a-d'is provided'with a switch F leading into a side track Z. Track sectionw-d is also provided with a track circuit comprising a battery connectedacross the rails adjacent one end of the section, and a track relaydesignated by the reference character T and connected across the railsadjacent the opposite end of the section. a

Switch F is operated by a mechanism M which may be of the fluid-pressuremotor type. Mechanism M is controlled by a lock magnet m and by normaland reverse control magnets n and r for causing mechanism M to operateswitch F to the normal or the reverse position respectively. Magnets nand r are controlled by a manually oper able lever V, by a timereleasing device E, and by a lock relay L. Magnet m is controlled bylever V and by a switch indication relay K As shown in the drawing.lever V has a normal position N, a normal detector lock position x, anormal indication lock position B, a reverse indication lock position D,a reverse detector lock position 1/, and a reverseposition R. Lever Voperates various contacts, each of which is closed during a givenportion of the movement of lever V from one of its extreme positions Nand R to the other. The portion of the movement of lever V during whicheachof the contacts operated by lever V is closed. is indicatedby a ingmy invention, andwill then point out the the a: position in going fromits position B to its position N, this contact remaining closedthereafter until the lever, in moving from its position D to itsposition R, passes the y position, whereupon contact 56 will open andcontact E -G will close. Contact l--8 will then remain closed untillever V next passes the position :0, going from the position B to theposition N.

Lever V is also provided with a latch contact 29 which is operated in awell-known manner by a latch mechanism associated with lever V. Contact29 is open when leverV is in either of its extreme positions N and R,but becomes closed when the leverman operates the latch preparatory tomoving lever V between its N and R positions.

Movement of lever V between its a: and its B positions is controlled ina usual and well-known manner by a normal look magnet NM controlling adog 3 which engages a notched segment 4 rigidly attached to lever V.Movement of lever V between its 1/ and D positions is similarlycontrolled by a reverse lockmagnet RM.

Time releasing device E may be of the well- 35 known manually actuablescrew type in which the period of operation is not measured but isvariable to some extent by the leverman. Operation of such a release,however, enforces an appreciable time delay in the control of otherparts of the apparatus by the device E.

Releasing device E is equipped with two normally closed contacts l3 and25 which open at the beginning of each operation of device E and whichagain close when device E is returned to 45 its normal position. DeviceE also has a contact 2| which is closed only at a mid-point in theoperation of device E between its normal and reverse positions. A fourthcontact 12 of device E is closed only when device E is in its reverseposition. The construction of device E is such that there is an enforcedtime delay between the opening of contacts l3 and 25 and the closing ofcontact 2|, and also between the opening of contact 2! and the closingof contact l2 when device E is operated from its normal to its reverseposition. Similar time delays are enforced between the opening ofcontact i2 and the closing of contact 2|, and between the opening ofcontact 2| and the closing of contacts 13 and 25 when device E isoperated from its reverse to its normal position.

Lock relay L is normally energized by a circuit controlled by trackrelay T, but can also be energized by a circuit controlled by contact 2|of release E.

Switch indication relay K is of the polarized type, and is so controlledby a pole-changer P operated by switch F as to be energized by currentof normal polarity when switch F is in its normal position and to beenergized by current of reverse polarity when switch F is in its reverseposition. Relay K is also controlled in part by contact 25 of release E.

As shown in the drawing, all parts are in their normal condition, thatis, lever V and release E are in their normal positions, switch F is inits normal position, and section ad is unoccupied. With section a-dunoccupied, relay T' is energized. With relay T energized, relay L isenergized by its circuit passing from terminal b of a suitable source ofcurrent not shown in the drawing, through contact 20 of relay T, wire22, and the winding of relay L to terminal of the same source ofcurrent. With release E in its normal position and with relay Lenergized, normal switch control magnet n is energized by a circuitpassing from terminal b, through contact l3 of release E, contact l4 ofrelay L, wire l5, contact I6 of lever V, and the winding of magnet n toterminal 0. A second circuit is also closed for the winding of magnet a,passing from terminalb,through contact I8 of lever V, and the winding ofmagnet 12. to terminal 0. With switch F in its normal position and withrelease E in its normal position, relay K is energized by current ofnormal polarity in a circuit passing from terminal b, through contact 23of pole-changer P, wire 24, contact 25 of release E, winding of relay K,wire 26, and contact 21 of pole-changer P to terminal 0. On account oflatch contact 29 being open, the circuit for lever lock magnet NMthrough contact 30 of lever V is open, and hence magnet NM isdeenergized and dog 3 controlled by magnet NM is in engagement with theassociated segment 4 of lever V, thereby preventing movement of lever Vbeyond its a: position.

I will now assume that with all parts of the apparatus thus in theirnormal condition, the leverman desires to operate switch F to itsreverse position. He will therefore close latch contact 28, causing lockmagnet NM to be energized by its circuit passing from terminal 17,through contact 20 of relay T, wire 22, contact 28 of relay L, latchcontact 29, contact '30 of lever V, wire 38, and the winding of lockmagnet NM to terminal 0. With magnet NM energized, dog 3 controlled bythis magnet will be raised to prevent engagement of dog 3 with the upperprojection of the associatedsegment 4.

Lever V can, therefore, be moved to its D po sition where its furthermovement will be arrested by engagement of dog 3 of magnet RM with theupper projection of the associated segment 4. With lever V in its Dposition, reverse switch control magnet T will be energized by itscircuit passing through terminal I), through contact l3 of release E,contact l4 of relay L, wire I5, contact H of lever V, and the winding ofmagnet r to terminal 0. Lock magnet m also will now be energized by itscircuit passing from terminal I), through contact 43 of lever V, contact44 of relay K, wire 45, and Winding of magnet m to terminal 0. Withmagnets m and r energized, mechanism M will operate switch F to itsreverse position.

In the beginning of the operation of switch F, pole-changer P will openand hence relay K will be deenergized, thereby completing a secondcircuit for magnet m passing from terminal b, through contact 4| ofrelay K, wire 45, and the winding of magnet m to terminal 0.

Upon completion of the operation of switch F to its reverse position,operation of pole-changer P will be completed to the correspondingposition, causing a circuit to be completed for energizing relay K inthe reverse direction. This circuit is exactly the same as the circuitpreviously traced for relay K except that current now fiows fromterminal I), through contact 21 of pole-changer P and from contact 23 ofpolechanger P direct to terminal 0. With relay K now energized bycurrent of reverse polarity, its contacts 35 and 44 will be moved totheir righthand position. The circuit first traced for magnet m willtherefore be open at contact 44, and the second circuitfor magnet m willbe open at contact 4| of relay K.

A circuit will now be completed for energizing magnet RM, passing fromterminal b, through contact 21 of pole-changer P, contact 33 of lever V,wire 34, contact 35 of relay K, contact 36 of, relay K in its right-handposition, contact 39 of lever V, wire 4|], and the winding of magnet RMto terminal 0. Magnet RM, upon becoming energized, raises its dog 3which thereupon disengages the upper projection of the associatedsegment 4, permitting the leverman to complete the movement of lever Vto its position R.

The procedure, and the operation of the apparatus for returning switch Fto its normal position under normal conditions by moving lever V fromits position R to its position B are similar to those just described foran operation of the switch to its reverse position, and will, therefore,be readily understood by reference to the drawing without furtherdetailed description.

I will next assume that all parts of the apparatus have been returned totheir normal condition and that track relay T then becomes deenerg'izedeither on account of the presence of a train or for some other reason.In an attempt to operate switch F while track relay T is deenergized,the leverman will turn release E to the mid-position, thereby openingcontacts I3 and 25 and closing contact 2|. With contact 2| closed, acircuit will be completed for energizing relay L which is the same asthe circuit previously traced for this relay except that it includescontact 2| of release E instead of contact 20 of relay T.

If the leverman now closes latch contact 29, a second circuit will becompleted for magnet NM which is the same as the circuit first tracedfor this magnet except that it includes contact 2| of release E insteadof contact 20 of relay T. The leverman can, therefore, now place lever Vin its D position.

The leverman will next continue the movement of release E to its reverseposition, thereby opening contact 2| and closing contact l2. Withcontact I2 closed, a second circuit will be completed for energizingmagnet r of mechanism M, passingfrom terminal b, through contact 6 ofquick switch QS, contact 9 of' lever V, wire H, contact I2 of release E,wire l5, contact I! of lever V, and the winding of magnet rto terminalo. On account of contact 25 being open, relay K will be deenergized, andhence magnet in will be energized by its second circuit previouslytraced through contact 4| o'f relay K.

With magnets m. and 1" energized, mechanism M will operate switch F toits reverse position, causing pole-changer P to' be also reversed. Theleverman will now return release E to its normal position, thereby againclosing contact 25 and completing the reverse energizing circuitpreviously described for relay K. Magnet RM will thereupon be energizedby the circuit previously traced, and hence the leverman can completethe movement of lever V to its position R.

If, for some reason, when the leverman energizes magnets m and 1' byoperation of release E as just described, switch F fails to'movecompletely to its reverse position, and if the'leverman then tries toreturn switch F to its normal position, or if he attempts to returnlever V to its position N, he will be unable to do so because contact1+8 of quick switch QS will be open and he therefore cannot energizemagnet 11 although contact IQ of lever V and contact 52 of release Ehave been closed.

It follows therefore that before the emergency release E can be usedagain for causing an operation of switch F, the switch must firstcomplete its operation in response to the previously attempted controlby release E. It will be apparent, therefore, that with the'iorm ofapparatus shown in Fig. 1 there canbe no succeeding operation of' theswitch while track relay T remains deenerg'ized until the switch hascompleted an operation in response to a previous attempt to cause anoperation of the switch by release E. Between each operation of switch Fcontrolled by release E and a succeeding operation of switch 'Fcontrolled by release E there must elapse an interval of time necessaryfor returning release E to its mid-position for closing contact 26, andfor again moving release E from its mid-position to its reverse positionfor closingeontact !2.

Referring to Fig. 2, the apparatus shown therein may be used to replacethat portion of the apparatus of Fig. l which is within the rectangledesignated by the reference character J. The polarized relay G is theelectrical equivalent of the quick switch Q8. The relay G comprises twowindings having a common terminal 0, one winding being energized overthe Na: contact 49 of lever V, and the other winding being energizedover the Ry contact 50 of the lever. Polar contact 46 becomes swung tothe right or the left according as one or the other winding of relay Gis energized, that is, according'as contact #19 or contact Ell of leverV is closed, and remains in the last operated position until relay G issubsequently pole-changed. Contacts litll and 4548 of relay G performthe samefunctions as contacts 5-6 and 'i8 of quick switch QS in Fig. 1.The cooperation of relay G of Fig. 2 with the apparatus of Fig. 1, forlimiting the switch operation to one attempt for each operation of theemergency release, will be clear from the. previous descripclaimswithout departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: I i

, 1. In combination with a railway switch having a normal and a reverseposition, a manually operable lever movable between a normal and areverse position, a first'contact controlled by said lever which becomesclosed when the lever is moved to its normal position and remains closedthereafter until the lever is moved to its reverse position, a secondcontact controlled by said Is- ,ver which becomes closed when the leveris moved to its reverse position and remains closed thereafter until thelever is moved to its normal position, means including said firstcontact effective when said lever is moved from its normal near to itsreverse position for moving said switch to the reverse position, meansincluding said second contact effective when said lever is moved fromits reverse near to its normal position for moving said switch to thenormal position, locking means effective when a train is approachingsaid switch for preventing movement of the lever from its normal or itsreverse position, and a manually operable time releasing device forrendering said locking means ineffective after the expiration of a timeinterval following actuation of said device.

2. In combination with a railway switch having a normal and a reverseposition, a manually operable lever movable between a normal and areverse position, afirst contact controlled by said lever which becomesclosed when the lever is moved to its normal position and remains closedthereafter until the lever is moved to its reverse position, a secondcontact controlled by said lever which becomes closed when the lever ismoved to its reverse position and remains closed thereafter until thelever is moved to its normal position, a manually operable timereleasing device which requires a time interval following actuation tocomplete its operation, means including said first contact effectiveafter said device has completed its operation and said lever is movedfrom its normal near to its reverse position for moving the switch toits reverse position, means including said second contact effectiveafter said device has completed its operation and said lever is movedfrom its reverse near to its normal position for moving the switch toits normal position, and

means controlled by said switch for preventing movement of said lever toits normal or reverse position unless the switch has reached its normalor reverse position respectively.

3. In combination with a railway switch having brief interval followingactuation of said device and also a front contact which becomes closedafter the expiration of a time interval following said actuation andsubsequent to the opening of said middle contact, means controlled bysaid middle contact for at times preventing movement of said lever fromits normal or its reverse position unless said middle contact is closed,means including, said front contact and said first contact effectivewhen said lever is moved toward the reverse position for moving theswitch to the reverse position, means including said front contact andsaid secondcontact effective when said lever is moved toward the normalposition for moving the switch to the normal position, and meanscontrolled by said switch for preventing movement of said lever to thenormal or the reverse position unless the switch has completed itsnormal or reverse movement respectively.

4. In combination with a railway switch having a normal and a reverseposition, a manually operable lever movable between a normal and areverse position, a first contact controlled by said lever which becomesclosed when the lever is moved to its normal position and remains closedthereafter until the lever is moved to its reverse position, a secondcontact controlled by said lever which becomes closed when the lever ismoved to its reverse position and remains closed thereafter until thelever is moved to its normal position, a manually operable timereleasing device capable of assuming a first or a second position andrequiring a time interval following actuation to reach said secondposition from said first position as well as to reach said firstposition from said second position upon subsequent actuation, meanscontrolled by said device for at times preventing movement of the leverfrom its normal or its reverse position unless said device occupies saidfirst position, means controlled by said first contact effective whensaid device occupies said second position and said lever is moved fromits normal near to its reverse position for moving said switch to thereverse position, means controlled by said second contact effective whensaid device occupies said second position and said lever is moved fromits reverse near to its normal position for moving said switch to thenormal position, and means controlled by said switch for preventingmovement of said lever to the normal or the reverse position unless theswitch has reached its normal or reverse position respectively.

5. In combination with a railway switch having a normal and a reverseposition, a manually operable lever having N. B, D and R positions, afirst contact which becomes closed when the lever is moved toward the Nposition but beyond the B position and which remains closed thereafteruntil the lever is moved beyond the D position, a second contact whichbecomes closed when the lever is moved toward the R position but beyondthe D position and which remains closed thereafter until the lever ismoved beyond the B position; a manually operable time releasing devicehaving a middle contact which becomes closed for a brief intervalfollowing actuation of said device and a front contact which becomesclosed upon the expiration of a time interval following the opening ofsaid middle contact, said middle contact becoming reclosed upon theexpiration of a time interval following the opening of said frontcontact upon subsequent actuation of said device; means governed by saidmiddle contact for at times preventing movement of said lever from the Nor the R position if said middle contact is open, means controlled bysaid front contact and said first contact effective when said lever ismoved to the D position for moving said switch to the reverse position,means controlled by said front contact and said second contact effectivewhen said lever is moved to the B position for moving said switch to thenormal position, and

means controlled by said switch for preventing movement of said leverbeyond the B or the D position unless the switch has reached its normalor reverse position respectively.

6. In combination with a railway switch having a normal and a reverseposition, a manually operable lever movable between a normal and a re-.verse position, a time releasing device having a middle contact whichbecomes closed for a brief interval upon actuationof said device and afront contact which becomes closed at the expiration of a time intervalfollowing the opening of said middle contact; a first contact whichbecomes closed when the lever is moved from its reverse near to itsnormal position provided said middle contact is closed, said firstcontact remaining closed thereafter until the lever is moved near to itsreverse position; a second contact which becomes closed when the leveris moved from its normal near to its reverse position provided saidmiddle contact is closed, said second contact remaining closedthereafter until the lever is moved near to its normal position, meanscontrolled by said lever and including said first contact as well assaid front contact for moving said switch to the reverse position, andmeans controlled by said lever and including said second contact as wellas said front contact for moving said switch to the normal position.

'1. In combination with a railway switch having a normal and a reverseposition, a manually operable lever having N, B, D and R positions, afirst contact controlled by said lever which becomes closed when thelever is moved to its N position and remains closed thereafter until thelever is moved to its R position, a second contact controlled by saidlever which becomes closed when the lever is moved to its R position andremains closed thereafter until the lever is moved to its N position,means including said first contact effective when said lever is movedfrom its N to its D position for moving said switch to the reverseposition, means including said second contact effective when said leveris moved from its R to its B position for moving said switch to thenormal position, locking means effective when a train is approachingsaid switch for preventing movement of the lever from its N or its Rposition, and a manually operable time releasing device for renderingsaid locking means ineifective after the expiration of a time intervalfollowing actuation of said device.

8. In combination with a railway switch having a normal and a. reverseposition, a manually operable lever having N, B, D and R positions, afirst contact controlled by said lever which becomes closed when thelever is moved to its N position and remains closed thereafter until thelever is moved to its R position, a second contact controlled by saidlever which becomes closed when the lever is moved to its R position andremains closed thereafter until the lever is moved to its N position, amanually operable time releasing device which requires a time intervalfollowing actuation to complete its operation, means including saidfirst contact effective after said device has completed its operationand said lever is moved from its N to its D position for moving theswitch to its reverse position, means including said second contacteffective after said device has completed its operation and said leveris moved from its R to its B position for moving the switch to itsnormal position, and means controlled by said switch for preventingmovement of said lever to its N or its R position unless the switch hasreached its normal or reverse position respectively. 9.v In-combination,a railway track switch, a manually "operable lever having a normalposition N and abnormal indication position B as well as a reverseindication position D and a reverse position R arranged in the ordernamed with relation to movement of the lever from the normal to thereverse position and arranged in the reverse order with relation tomovement of the lever from the reverse to, the normal position, acontact H) of said lever closed only when said lever is in'its positionB, a contact 9 .of said lever closed only when said lever is in itsposition-D, a quick switch contact t-!5 of said lever which becomesclosed when said lever is moved from its'position B toward its positionN and which then remains closed until said lever is moved from itsposition D toward its position R, a quick switch contact T-B of saidlever which becomes closed when said lever is moved from its position Dtoward its position R and which then remains closed until said lever ismoved from its position B toward its position N, means controlled bysaid switch for preventing movement of said lever from its position Btoward its position N or from its position D toward its position Runless said switch occupies its normal or its reverse positionrespectively, a circuit including said contacts 5-43 and S in series forcausing operation of said switch to its reverse position, and a circuitincluding said contacts (-8 and I E! in series for causing operation ofsaid switch to its normal position.

10. In combination, a railway track switch, a manually operable lever, atraffic contact which is closed when there is no traffic adjacent saidswitch but which becomes opened in response to a train adjacent saidswitch, means controlled by said lever and by said traffic contact whensaid traffic contact is closed for operating said switch to its normaland reverse positions, a manually controllable emergency release, andmeans controlled by said lever and by said emergency release for causingsaid switch to be successively operated to its normal and reversepositions while said traiiic contactis open if and only if said switchcompletes an operation in response to each such attempt to cause anoperation of said switch.

- 11. In combination, a railway track switch, a manually operable leverhaving a normal position and a normal indication position as well as areverse indication position and a reverse position arranged in the ordernamed with relation to movement of the lever from the normal to thereverse position and arranged in the reverse order with relation tomovement of the lever from the reverse to the normal position, a contactof said lever which becomes closed when said lever is.

moved from its normal indication position toward its normal position andwhich then remains closed until said lever is moved from its reverseindication position toward its reverse position, a sec ond contact ofsaid lever which becomes closed switch to be operated to its reverseposition, and a, second circuit controlled by'said second and thirdcontacts for causing said switch to be operated to its normal position,

12. In combination, a railway track switch, a manually operable lever,.atraliic contact which is closed when there is no trafiic adjacent saidswitch but which becomes opened in response to a train adjacentsaidswitch, means controlled by said lever and'bysaid traffic contact whensaid traffic contact is closed for operating said switch to its normaland reverse positions, a manually controllable emergency release havinga normally closed contact andhaving a normally open contact whichbecomes closed upon the lapse of a period of time after said normallyclosed contact opens, a switch indication relay controlled by saidnormally closed contact as Well as by said switch, and means controlledby said normally .open contact and by a back contact of said switchindication relay for causing operations of said switch when said trafficcontact is open.

13. In combination, a railway track switch, a manually operable lever, atraffic contact which is closed when there is no trafiic adjacent saidswitch but which becomes opened in response to a train adjacent saidswitch, means controlled by said lever and by said traiiic contact whensaid trafiic contact is closed for operating said switch to its normaland reverse positions, a manually controllable emergency release, meanscontrolled by said lever and by said emergency release for setting saidswitch into operation toward its normal or its reverse position Whilesaid trafiio contact is open, and means controlled by said switch forpreventing further control of said switch by said lever and saidemergency release until said switch has reached said normal or reverseposition respectively.

14. In combination, a railway track switch, a manually operable leverhaving a normal and a reverse position as well as a normal indicationposition adjacent said normal position and a reverse indication positionadjacent said reverse position, a polarized relay, a normal polarcontact of said relay closed when said relay is energized by current ofnormal polarity and which then remains closed until said relay isenergized by current of reverse polarity, a reverse polar contact ofsaid relay closed when said relay is energized by current of reversepolarity and which then remains closed until said relay is energized bycurrent of normal polarity, normal and reverse energizing circuits forsaid polarized relay closed by said lever in its normal and reversepositions respectively, means controlled by said normal polar contactand by said lever in its reverse indication position for causing saidswitch to be moved to its reverse position, and means controlled by saidreverse polar contact and by said lever in its normal indicationposition for causing said switch to be moved to its normal position.

15. In combination, a railway track switch, a manually operable leverhaving a normal and a reverse position as well asa normal indicationposition adjacent said normal position and a reverse indication positionadjacent said reverse position, a polarized relay, a normal polarcontact of said relay closed' when said relay is energized by current ofnormal polarity and which then remains closed until said relay isenergized by current of reverse polarity, a reverse polar contact ofsaid relay closed when said relay is energized by current of reversepolarity and which then remains closed until said relay is energized bycurrent of normal polarity. normal and reverse energizing circuits-forsaid polarized relay closed by said lever in its normal and. reversepositions respectively, means controlled by said normal polar contactand by said lever in its reverse indication position for causing saidswitch to be moved to its reverse position, means controlled by saidreverse polar contact and by said lever in its normal indicationposition for causing said switch to be moved to its normal position, andmeans controlled by said switch for preventing movement of said leverfrom each of said indication positions tothe adjacent normal or reverseposition until said switch has reached the corresponding normal orreverse position respectively.

16. In combination, a railway track switch, a manually operable leverhaving a normal and a reverse position and also having a normal and areverse indication position, the electrical equivalent of the well-knownquick switch which is commonly associated with such a lever comprising apolarized relay having a normal and a reverse polar contact each ofwhich becomes closed when its relay becomes energized by current of acorresponding polarity and then remains closed until its relay becomesenergized by current of the opposite polarity, normal and reversecircuits closed by said lever in its normal and reverse positions forenergizing said relay by current of normal or reverse polarityrespectively, means controlled by said normal polar contact and by saidlever in its reverse indication position for causing said switch to bemoved to its reverse position, and means controlled by'said reversepolar contact and by said lever in its normal indication position forcausing said switch to be moved to its normal position.

MELVIN A. PENROD.

